Lyme Disease in Canada

Order Spirochaetales are Gram-negative and Gram-negative-like bacteria with unique morphological and functional features. They are distinguished from other bacteria by the presence of endoflagella, which gives this Phylum of bacteria spiral morphology and distinct motility (San Martin et al., 2023). Their unusual cellular ultrastructure, motility, and metabolic pathways, immune evasion strategies, and gene regulation has evoked the maxim “spirochetes do it differently” (Charon et al., 2012).