Lyme Disease in Canada

Here, we report imaging of intact spirochetes in an archived placental tissue sample that is immunoreactive to Borrelia antibodies and from which Borrelia DNA was isolated. Both mother and child showed evidence of seroreactivity to Borrelia spp. in the years following the child's birth, although neither individual tested positive by the conventional two-tiered serological algorithm. Cultivation of viable spirochetes from a vaginal swab of the mother and from the urine of the child some years later supports the possibility of vector-free transmission of Borrelia from mother to child. By amplifying several genomic loci from the DNA of cultured and non-cultured Borrelia from blood and body fluid samples of the mother and child, the Borrelia in both were identified as the same species, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a strain specific to North America.